Jellyfish Photo Album Above
BLEACHING has whitened 90 percent of Phuket's and Thailand's coral reefs amid alarm over an unusually late hot season that has marine biologists concerned.
Divers confirm the widespread bleaching, as well as the presence of increasing numbers of jellyfish.
Niphon Phongsuwan, the coral reef specialist at the Phuket Marine Biology Centre, said reefs in both the Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand had begun the bleaching process in the first week of April, as sea temperatures remained unusually high.
''The key temperature is 30.1 degrees,'' he said. ''Unless the temperature drops from there, bleaching begins, and continues until the sea grows cooler.''
Diver and underwater photographer Adriano 'Wetpixel' Trapani, CEO of Dive Clan Co, confirmed that sea temperatures had remained high, triggering concerns about the coral.
''It is alarming, but I wouldn't be too concerned,'' Mr Trapani said. ''A similar event bleached coral in the Maldives a few years ago and the reefs there have returned to normal. It's a cyclical thing, probably caused by the El Nino phenomenon.
''At first we thought it might just be patches of coral that had been destroyed by the crown of thorns starfish, but now we know differently because the bleaching is so even.
''I was here for the tsunami when some reefs were damaged but now they are back the way they were.'' He said the larger threats to the reefs remained over-diving and exploitation.
Khun Niphon said coral bleaching occurred on Phuket's reefs between 1991 and 1995. ''In that time, there was less cloud protection from the sun and so quite a bit of coral died,'' he said. From 2003 to 2005, a less damaging cycle occurred, but the coral survived.
''Bleaching does not mean death for the coral, provided the monsoons come in time,'' he said. ''Coral lives on, and recovers, as long as the sun does not become too intense for too long.''
No area around Phuket had escaped bleaching, Khun Niphon said. With concern growing about long-term global warming, Khun Niphon is researching which types of coral are most resistant to bleaching so that the hardiest kinds of coral can be encouraged in future.
While the event could be coincidental, Mr Trapani said he had noticed an increasing number of jellyfish in waters near Phi Phi island, between Phuket and Coral Island, on the way to Raya island and in Chalong Bay, on Phuket. The jellyfish were capable of inflicting a mild sting, like sunburn, but not dangerous.
A spokesman for Phuket's weather bureau said that the monsoon usually came soon after the Songkran Festival of mid-April, but this year, extending into May, Phuket and southern Thailand had yet to see the heat break.
The spokesman preferred not to give his name, and said he had no idea why the monsoon was so late this year.
The bureau does not analyse year-on-year statistics and is therefore unable to give detailed information about possible future trends.
There is no way of knowing when the extended spell of heat will break this year.
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I was diving the Similans on May 2 and 3 and saw how much damage the rising water temperature have been doing to all coral down to 20 meters or even deeper.
Nothing can be done by humans except to await that rain. Strong winds from the southeast monsoon will change underwater currents and upwelling currents from deep water to mix and cool down the surface water, which is at 31-32 degrees at the moment.
Similans, Surin and Koh Lanta Marine National Parks are closed from May 1 until October 30, 2010 and the coral reefs will need time to recover. So, it would be good that all government agencies such as Marine National Parks, Marine Police, Thai Navy and Fishery department organise patrol boat rotations seven days a week and 24hours a day to protect and block poachers who catch fish, especially at night time, during the New Moon period, where all fish are easy prey for fishermen.
Poachers and fishermen pay nothing and definitely no official fee to fish illegally inside all Marine National Parks but destroy the income of those who are working legally and paying huge fees to bring divers and tourists to visit those beautiful Thailand natural assets.
Posted by Whistle-Blower on May 10, 2010 11:03